Biographies.]]>
As the James R. Johnston Chair in Black Canadian Studies at Dalhousie University, Dr. Dryden has focused on health inequities, systemic racism in healthcare, and the historical context of medical practices. During the COVID-19 pandemic, she highlighted the disproportionate impact on Black communities, advocating for equitable healthcare responses. Her research aims to build communities of care, particularly for Black LGBTQ+ individuals, and she emphasizes challenging systemic biases in health and science while fostering community-driven wellness solutions. Dr. Dryden's work is a testament to her commitment to social justice and health equity.]]> 2021-06-18]]> Permission to publish materials from the Black Excellence in STEM Oral History Collection must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech]]> Click here for synced audio and transcript]]> Oral histories]]> Special Collections and University Archives, University Libraries, Virginia Tech]]> Biographies.]]>
Dr. Samuel-Foo's career began at the University of Florida as the IR-4 Southern Region Coordinator, managing a program focused on sustainable pest management. Personal circumstances led her to Alabama State University (ASU), where she transitioned to full-time teaching and mentoring. At ASU, she established an urban teaching garden and an entomology lab, actively engaging students in STEM.

Her dedication to diversity and inclusion in STEM, along with her leadership, earned her the presidency of the Southeastern Branch of the Entomological Society of America. Dr. Samuel-Foo's journey highlights the importance of mentorship and her commitment to fostering scientific curiosity in underserved communities.]]> 2021-06-23]]> Permission to publish materials from the Black Excellence in STEM Oral History Collection must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech]]> Click here for synced audio and transcript]]> Oral histories]]> Special Collections and University Archives, University Libraries, Virginia Tech]]> Biographies.]]>
Dr. Auguste is now an assistant professor at Virginia Tech in the Department of Entomology. His research focuses on arbovirology, including viral discovery, vaccine development, and understanding virus-mosquito interactions. He has made significant contributions to vaccine development for viruses like Zika and studies on the impact of insect-only viruses on mosquito-borne disease transmission. Dr. Auguste is also dedicated to mentoring and supporting underrepresented minorities in STEM, actively participating in various recruitment and outreach programs. ]]> 2021-06-18]]> Permission to publish materials from the Black Excellence in STEM Oral History Collection must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech]]> Click here for synced audio and transcript ]]> Oral histories]]> Special Collections and University Archives, University Libraries, Virginia Tech]]> Biographies.]]>
Throughout her journey, Dr. Ware has faced numerous challenges, including racism, financial hardship, and balancing motherhood with her academic pursuits. Her determination and resilience led her to secure prestigious fellowships and a tenure-track position at Rutgers, which she eventually achieved. Dr. Ware's work extends beyond her research on dragonflies and termites; she is deeply committed to promoting diversity, equity, and inclusion in STEM.]]> 2021-06-24]]> Permission to publish materials from the Black Excellence in STEM Oral History Collection must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech]]> Click here for synced audio and transcript ]]> Oral histories]]> Special Collections and University Archives, University Libraries, Virginia Tech]]> Biographies.]]>
Green's career includes teaching high school and college, where he gained a deep appreciation for the art of teaching. He became a professor and later the chair of the Department of Physical Sciences at Alabama State University. Green's journey highlights the challenges faced by Black students in predominantly white institutions, the importance of support networks, and the need for diversity in STEM.]]> 2021-06-30]]> Permission to publish materials from the Black Excellence in STEM Oral History Collection must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech]]> Click here for synced audio and transcript ]]> Oral histories]]> Special Collections and University Archives, University Libraries, Virginia Tech ]]> Biographies.]]>
Dr. Mendenhall's career journey includes earning her Ph.D. from Clark Atlanta University, where she worked on synthetic DNA and nanobiotechnology. She further advanced her research at Cornell University and Georgia Tech, focusing on biomedical engineering. Now a tenured professor at Morehouse College, she mentors students and emphasizes the importance of continual learning and persistence. ]]> 2021-06-14]]> Permission to publish materials from the Black Excellence in STEM Oral History Collection must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech]]> Click here for synced audio and transcript ]]> Oral histories]]> Special Collections and University Archives, University Libraries, Virginia Tech]]> Biographies.]]>
Dr. Winger’s professional work emphasizes equity in math education, advocating for inclusive teaching practices. This commitment to creating equitable environments is evident through his continuous work with educators and organizations, where mathematics is accessible and affirming for all students. His story highlights the importance of mentorship, resilience, and the ongoing fight against systemic racism in education.]]> 2021-06-30]]> Permission to publish materials from the Black Excellence in STEM Oral History Collection must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech]]> Click here for synced audio and transcript]]> Oral histories]]> Special Collections and University Archives, University Libraries, Virginia Tech]]> Biographies.]]>
Dr. Lemer's career highlights include her postdoctoral work at Harvard University's Museum of Comparative Zoology, where she advanced her skills in bioinformatics and gene expression analysis. She later joined the University of Guam, where both she and her husband, also a researcher in population genetics, were offered positions.

Key points from the interview highlight Dr. Lemer's challenges and experiences as a woman of color in academia. She discussed the cultural differences in racial perceptions between France, the U.S., and Guam, emphasizing the microaggressions in France versus the overt racism in the U.S. Dr. Lemer finds Guam to be more inclusive, though she notes ongoing issues with sexism. She advocates for greater support and inclusivity for Black researchers and emphasizes the importance of speaking up and helping others advance in their careers.]]> 2021-06-15]]> Permission to publish materials from the Black Excellence in STEM Oral History Collection must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech]]> Click here for synced audio and transcript]]> Oral histories]]> Special Collections and University Archives, University Libraries, Virginia Tech]]> Biographies.]]>
Key moments of the interview cover Dr. Guiton's complex identity as mixed-race, embracing her Black identity in America while facing challenges fitting into both African and African American communities. She also candidly discussed her experiences with mental health, emphasizing the importance of seeking help and being open about mental health challenges. Mentorship played a crucial role in her career, and she now advocates for diversity and inclusivity in academia, dedicating herself to creating a supportive environment for BIPOC students in STEM. ]]> 2021-06-19]]> Permission to publish materials from the Black Excellence in STEM Oral History Collection must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech]]> Click here for synced audio and transcript ]]> Oral histories]]> Special Collections and University Archives, University Libraries, Virginia Tech]]> Biographies.]]>
Dr. Gray attended The Citadel Military College of South Carolina, where he faced rigorous and discriminatory environment. His undergraduate experience, particularly working in an aquatic toxicology lab, solidified his interest in research. After completing his master’s at The Citadel, he faced barriers in pursuing a Ph.D. but persevered, eventually enrolling at UNC Greensboro. Dr. Gray’s journey through academia has been marked by resilience and a commitment to mentoring future scientists, particularly those from underrepresented backgrounds. ]]> 2021-06-15]]> Permission to publish materials from the Black Excellence in STEM Oral History Collection must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech]]> Click here for synced audio and transcript ]]> Oral histories]]> Special Collections and University Archives, University Libraries, Virginia Tech]]> Biographies.]]>
Dr. Cox’s undergraduate experience highlighted the lack of diversity in his biology courses, often being the only Black student in advanced classes. He decided to pursue graduate school after gaining research experience at the Danforth Center, leading him to Texas A&M University for his Ph.D. He faced challenges such as balancing family life and studies, managing publishing pressures, and adapting to Texas culture. His love for mentoring students and his passion for science communication, demonstrated through his "Bioguy" persona on YouTube and streaming platforms, drive his commitment to academia and expanding public understanding of science.]]> 2021-06-16]]> Permission to publish materials from the Black Excellence in STEM Oral History Collection must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech]]> Click here for synced audio and transcript ]]> Oral histories]]> Special Collections and University Archives, University Libraries, Virginia Tech]]> Biographies.]]>
After finishing his education, spent many years at Howard University in various roles within the Department of Chemistry, Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Atmospheric Sciences. Later, he went on to become the Director of the School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences at the New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences at Arizona State University (ASU).

Key points from the interview include Dr. Morris's role in creating initiatives at ASU to support African American and BIPOC scholars, his experiences growing up in a military family, and his journey through higher education and scientific research. He also discussed the challenges of addressing social justice issues within academia, the importance of structural change, and the need for future generations to focus on impactful actions, coalition-building, and leadership involvement to create lasting equity and inclusivity in STEM.]]> 2021-06-27]]> Permission to publish materials from the Black Excellence in STEM Oral History Collection must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech]]> Click here for synced audio and transcript ]]> Oral histories]]> Special Collections and University Archives, University Libraries, Virginia Tech]]> Biographies.]]>
Dr. Duncan’s professional career has been marked by significant contributions to environmental science and education. She worked extensively with the EPA, developing analytical methods for environmental contaminants. Her innovative research includes the New York African Burial Ground Project, where she applied soil chemistry to uncover historical and dietary information about interred individuals. She emphasizes the interdisciplinary nature of environmental science and the importance of broadening the scope of research and education. ]]> 2021-06-10]]> Permission to publish materials from the Black Excellence in STEM Oral History Collection must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech]]> Click here for synced audio and transcript ]]> Oral histories]]> Special Collections and University Archives, University Libraries, Virginia Tech]]> Biographies.]]>
Edwards' academic career includes faculty positions at the University of Washington and Harvard University, where he has contributed significantly to evolutionary biology. He emphasizes a balanced approach to teaching, research, and outreach, particularly through programs aimed at increasing diversity in science. Notable achievements include leading a groundbreaking project on the genetic basis of flight loss in birds, published in Science. Throughout the interview, Edwards highlights the importance of mentorship and following one's passion, encouraging students of color to pursue their interests and build supportive networks despite systemic challenges in academia.]]> 2021-07-07]]> Permission to publish material from the Black Excellence in STEM Oral History Project must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech]]> Click here for synced audio and transcript ]]> Oral histories]]> Special Collections and University Archives, University Libraries, Virginia Tech]]> Biographies.]]>
In her professional journey, Dr. Carpenter has made significant contributions as an urban wildlife biologist with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service at Masonville Cove. Her role involves a unique combination of ecological research, community outreach, and education. Dr. Carpenter emphasizes the importance of outreach and communication, striving to make nature accessible and relatable to urban communities. She continues to inspire others by fostering connections between people and nature, particularly in underserved urban areas.]]> 2021-01-31]]> Permission to publish material from the Black Excellence in STEM Oral History Project must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech]]> Click here for synced audio and transcript]]> Oral histories]]> Special Collections and University Archives, University Libraries, Virginia Tech]]> Biographies.]]>
Keenan's career in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service included notable roles in Florida, Colorado, and Puerto Rico, where he contributed to conservation efforts and disaster recovery. Sections of the interview highlight his experiences with systemic racism, tokenism, and the importance of community and mentorship. Keenan's commitment to helping disenfranchised communities and his innovative approaches, such as voluntourism, underscore his dedication to making a positive impact. ]]> 2021-01-24]]> Permission to publish material from the Black Excellence in STEM Oral History Project must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech]]> Click here for synced audio and transcript]]> Oral histories]]> Special Collections and University Archives, University Libraries, Virginia Tech]]> Politicians -- United States]]>
After getting elected to the Virginia State Senate in 1975, Boucher immediately immersed himself in state policy, including areas of environmental conservation, domestic abuse, drug reform, and telecommunications. His first major legislative achievement was being primary author on Virginia’s first oil and gas act, which addressed vagueness regarding jurisdiction and regularized the development of natural gas coincident with coal.

Another legislative piece was a tax on marriage, that—while prima facie unusual—provided a consistent stream of funding for spousal abuse shelters. Further, he helped to reform sexual assault laws by revising laws disallowing for general reputation testimony to be used in court. Later, Boucher was approached by Lewis Hurst in order to address Virginia’s drug laws, which had previously treated all drug offenses with the same severity. In a years-long effort, the state fundamentally reformed the drug laws, becoming the first state to legalize medical marijuana use.

His work in these issues continued into his terms in the U.S. House of Representatives. Three days after being elected, Ernie Dickerman, President of the Virginia Wilderness Committee, approached Boucher to introduce his first bill as a Representative: Virginia’s first wilderness legislation. Under this bill, acreage of Virginia’s wilderness was protected, enhancing tourism and protecting natural resources.

The start of his involvement with telecommunications was in addressing the needs of his district, where many rural residents were unable to receive network television signals. He led negotiations that allowed for rural residents to receive distant television signals in the 1980s. Later in the 1996 Communications Act, he helped introduce competition in telecommunications between cable and telephone companies.

To end, Boucher discusses the Clean Air Amendments of 1991, where he was involved with establishing a cap-and-trade system to limit sulfur emissions in the state of Virginia. Although the program was not up taken to limit greenhouse gas emissions nationwide in the Clean Air Act, he is proud of the system in Virginia and believes that it is necessary to reduce emissions.

Following his passion for public service from the first interview, here Boucher emphasizes the need to be active in the lawmaking process. Despite how active he was in introducing bills and chairing committees, his name was not often on the final bills at the time of promulgation. While some may take issue with their name being erased, Boucher pragmatically looks at the purpose of his job. He is satisfied when the job is done, as he is enabling Congress to properly function as a lawmaking body. ]]> 2023-10-25]]> Permission to publish materials from the Rick Boucher Papers must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech.]]> Click here for synced audio and transcript]]> Oral histories]]> Special Collections and University Archives, University Libraries, Virginia Tech]]> University Archives]]> University History]]> 1951]]> Forests and forestry]]>
Cutler's career in wilderness started prior to the completion of his PhD. In 1957, he started his post of the executive secretary of Wildlife Conservation Incorporated in Boston. Throughout the years, he served as the associate editor of Virginia Wildlife, editor for the National Wildlife Federation, and the assistant executive director of the Wilderness Society. Upon finishing his PhD, he became an assistant professor, and going on to serve as the Assistant Secretary of Agriculture for Conservation, Research, and Education under the Carter Administration.

He arrived in Southwest Virginia in January of 1991, when he moved to Roanoke, Virginia to serve as the executive director of Virginia's Explore Park. From 1997 until 2010, he continued to work in Virginia's natural resources, including (but not limited to) land conservation, Natural Parks, and waste water treatment. In this oral history interview, Cutler covers his long career, how he arrived in Roanoke, VA, and his work serving Southwest Virginia for 30 years. Throughout the interview, his service and passion is evident as he has dedicated his life to environmentalism, and better the community through it. ]]> 2023-11-28]]> Permission to publish material from the M. Rupert Cutler Papers must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech.]]> Oral histories]]> Special Collections and University Archives, University Libraries, Virginia Tech.]]> Civil War]]> See the finding aid for the Homer E. Davis Papers.]]> undated]]> This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/]]> Ms2001-051]]> tif]]> English]]> Photographs]]> Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech]]> History of Food and Drink]]>
Special Collections and University Archives staff believe this is a working toy stove, as these were commonly sold in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, however, it has also been suggested this was a salespersons' model, as it would have been more portable than an actual stove. ]]> Finding aid]]> c.1910s]]> Kira Dietz (photographer)]]> This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/]]> No script or language materials. ]]> Artifacts]]> Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech]]> Civil War]]> See the finding aid for the Elden E. Billings Collection.]]> ca. 1800s]]> This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/]]> Ms1991-036]]> tif]]> English]]> Photographs]]> Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech]]> Civil War]]> See the finding aid for the Elden E. Billings Collection.]]> ca. 1800s]]> This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/]]> Ms1991-036]]> tif]]> English]]> Photographs]]> Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech]]> Civil War]]> See the finding aid for the Elden E. Billings Collection.]]> ca. 1800s]]> This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/]]> Ms1991-036]]> tif]]> English]]> Photographs]]> Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech]]> Civil War]]> See the finding aid for the Elden E. Billings Collection.]]> ca. 1800s]]> This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/]]> Ms1991-036]]> tif]]> English]]> Photographs]]> Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech]]> Civil War]]> See the finding aid for the Elden E. Billings Collection.]]> ca. 1800s]]> This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/]]> Ms1991-036]]> tif]]> English]]> Photographs]]> Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech]]> Civil War]]> See the finding aid for the Elden E. Billings Collection.]]> ca. 1800s]]> This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/]]> Ms1991-036]]> tif]]> English]]> Photographs]]> Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech]]> Civil War]]> See the finding aid for the Elden E. Billings Collection.]]> 1860]]> This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/]]> Ms1991-036]]> tif]]> English]]> Photographs]]> Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech]]> Civil War]]> See the finding aid for the Elden E. Billings Collection.]]> 1883]]> This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/]]> Ms1991-036]]> tif]]> English]]> Postcards]]> Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech]]> Civil War]]> See the finding aid for the Elden E. Billings Collection.]]> 1865]]> This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/]]> Ms1991-036]]> tif]]> English]]> Fliers]]> Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech]]> Civil War]]> See the finding aid for the Elden E. Billings Collection.]]> ca. 1800s]]> This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/]]> Ms1991-036]]> tif]]> English]]> Photographs]]> Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech]]> Civil War]]> See the finding aid for the Elden E. Billings Collection.]]> ca. 1860s]]> This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/]]> Ms1991-036]]> tif]]> English]]> Photographs]]> Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech]]> Civil War]]> See the finding aid for the Elden E. Billings Collection.]]> ca. 1860s]]> This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/]]> Ms1991-036]]> tif]]> English]]> Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech]]> Civil War]]> See the finding aid for the Elden E. Billings Collection.]]> undated]]> This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/]]> Ms1991-036]]> tif]]> English]]> Postcards]]> Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech]]> Civil War]]> See the finding aid for the Elden E. Billings Collection.]]> ca. 1861-1865]]> This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/]]> Ms1991-036]]> tif]]> English]]> Photographs]]> Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech]]> Civil War]]> See the finding aid for the Elden E. Billings Collection.]]> ca. 1860s]]> This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/]]> Ms1991-036]]> tif]]> English]]> Photographs]]> Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech]]> Civil War]]> See the finding aid for the Elden E. Billings Collection.]]> ca. 1860s]]> This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/]]> Ms1991-036]]> tif]]> English]]> Photographs]]> Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech]]> Civil War]]> Confederate States of America]]> United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865]]> See the finding aid for the Great Seal of the Confederate States of America.]]> 1874-03-06]]> This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). <a target="_blank" href="https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/?language=en" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/</a>]]> Ms2017-022]]> English]]> Letters]]> Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech]]> Civil War]]> Confederate States of America]]> United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865]]> See the finding aid for the Great Seal of the Confederate States of America.]]> ca. 1872-1874]]> This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/]]> Ms2017-022]]> English]]> Artifacts]]> Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech]]> History of Food and Drink]]> 1895]]> This item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-EDU/1.0/]]> Ms2013-028]]> French]]> Advertisements]]> Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech]]> Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University]]> 1966]]> This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/]]> RG 6/1]]> Administrative records]]> Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech]]> Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University]]> 1965]]> This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/]]> RG 6/1]]> Administrative records]]> Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech]]> Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University]]> 1964]]> This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/]]> RG 6/1]]> Administrative records]]> Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech]]> Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University]]> This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/]]> RG 6/1]]> Administrative records]]> Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech]]> Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University]]> 1961]]> This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/]]> RG 6/1]]> Administrative records]]> Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech]]> Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University]]> 1949]]> This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/]]> RG 6/1]]> Administrative records]]> Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech]]> Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University]]> 1949]]> This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/]]> RG 6/1]]> Administrative records]]> Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech]]> Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University]]> 1948]]> This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/]]> RG 6/1]]> Administrative records]]> Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech]]> Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University]]> 1952]]> This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/]]> RG 3/3]]> Administrative records]]> Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech]]> Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University]]> undated]]> This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/]]> RG 3/3]]> Administrative records]]> Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech]]>